Vaccines are the primary agents to prevent many infectious diseases. Vaccines that are given in childhood are more effective against many deadly diseases. Vaccines immediately after birth prevent child death especially when the mother is infected with some diseases. BCG and hepatitis B are given in very early stage of the child. Boosters will help to provide immunity against high risk infections. TT vaccines immediately after a wound in skin will stop the spreading of infection.

Parents must have the information about the vaccines which are scheduled for their kids. The two vaccines available for Hepatitis B are Recombivax HB and EngerisB. It should be given to infants (under 12 months) in the thigh muscle. It is a three dose vaccine. First one is given at the time of birth.

There are two types of influenza vaccine. It is given as an injection in the deltoid muscle when it is inactivated vaccine and it is sprayed into the nose when live attenuated vaccine is used. Every body should get this vaccine. Children under 9 years should get 2 doses separated by at least 4 weeks. It should be given once a year as immunity declines in a year.

A sheet giving information to the vaccine recipient or their parents about the benefits and risks of a vaccine is called vaccine sheet. It is legal requirement to give vaccine sheet whenever certain vaccinations are given. It should be given by all providers of vaccines, both public and private. Vaccine sheets are given prior to administration of the vaccine. For every vaccine that is covered by the Vaccine Injury compensation Program, vaccine sheet should be given. As of today Vaccine sheets must be used are DTAP, TD, MMR, Polio, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hib, Varicella, Influenza, Pneumococcal Conjugate.

* HPV means Human Papillomavirus. It is a common virus that is spread through sexual contact. Since it has no symptoms people do not know if they have it. Some types of this virus may cause cervical cancer in women.

Polio is a disease that can cause permanent disability among children. Thanks to vaccine the disease is now almost reduced all over the world. It is given in two forms. Oral polio vaccines OPV and Inactivated polio vaccines IPV. Polio vaccine is made compulsory in almost all countries. Oral vaccines are given in many countries Whereas Polio injection is given in United States. IPV can be combined with DTP and Hepatitis B.

Vaccines are the only way to prevent deadly diseases. With the help of vaccines, the world has eradicated many diseases like small pox. Yet there are many severe side effects reported against vaccines. Vaccine injuries raise number of issues all over the World. There are separate vaccine lawyers who will help the victims to get Vaccine Injury Compensation.

National vaccine injury compensation program had been formed to assure adequate supply of vaccines, maintaining the cost level of vaccines and to provide compensation to the persons suffering from vaccine injuries. The vaccine injury compensation will also be given to persons who are ill treated by vaccine authorities.

Mumps vaccines are made from weakened live vaccines and they are generally used as combination vaccine with Measles and rubella. Two doses of MMR vaccines are essential. The first dose is given in the child's one year of age. The vaccine proved to be effective even after the first dose. But the second dose will ensure long lasting protection. Mumps vaccines are also given with chicken pox vaccines. This vaccine is given as a shot in the arm. It will be deposited in the skin only and will not pierce into the muscle. Although it can be given separately, it is better to give it as combination vaccine. The quantity of dosage should be .5 ml.

Pneumonia vaccine helps to prevent lung infection pneumonia. It prevents pneumococcus bacteria. There are more than 80 pneumococcal bacteria. But the vaccine can prevent only 23 of them. It works by increasing the immunity in the person's body. It will not give protection from pneumonia caused by microbes. Persons who are more than 65 years should take this vaccine. Children above 2 years who are suffering from lung or heart dis orders are advised to use this vaccine. The persons infected with HIV or any sickle cell diseases must get this vaccine. But this vaccine is not recommended in the regular vaccination schedule.

The disease of the Hepatitis B causes the inflammation of the liver. The disease is caused due to the Hepatitis B virus. The virus was originally known as the serum hepatitis. The population of the world that is currently infected by this disease is 3% to 6%. The normal symptoms of the disease are acute illness liver inflammation, vomiting, jaundice and in rare conditions death. The Chronic Hepatitis B sometimes causes liver cirrhosis leading to liver cancer.

Hepatitis B usually gets cured on its own. But it also causes chronic infection.

The Hepatitis B can spread due to the following reasons.

Flu is a respiratory disease that can cause mild to severe fever. The best way to prevent them is to get flu vaccines. Flu vaccines are given in two ways. It will be given as a shot in the arm generally. This is suitable for all healthy people more than 6 months of age. The vaccine contains killed virus. The nasal spray vaccine that contains live virus can be used by all people from 2 to 49 years. It is not recommended for pregnant woman. A person will develop immunity after two weeks from vaccination.

An antigenic preparation that is used to establish the immunity to a disease is termed a vaccine. The word vaccine is coined from Edward Jenner's use of the word cow pox. The part of the word vaccine, vacca means cow in the Latin language. The microbe causing cowpox when administered to humans provided them protection against the microbes of smallpox. Louis Pasture and Edward Jenner who laid the foundation of the medical concept of vaccination realized that milkmaids who were in the daily contact with the microbes of cowpox never suffered from the disease of smallpox. The basis of vaccination lies in the Chinese concept of variolation. In the process of variolation the person is purposely infected with the microbes of a particular disease. The term vaccination means the process of distribution and administration of the vaccine.

Small pox, poliomyelitis are now eradicated from Western Hemisphere. This is possible because of immunization. Though immunization has successfully reduced the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases, it can cause minor and some serious side effects. The side effects may include reactions to vaccine and events coincidental to, but not caused by, vaccination. But still vaccination is safer than accepting the risks of the diseases prevented by these vaccines.

Nowadays the adverse effects are more visible than in past because of increase of use of vaccination. Risk of side effects of vaccination is there unless and until a particular disease is eradicated completely.

Vaccination though painful is an essential measure in your child's health. Before one or two centuries, child mortality was more in India. More killer diseases like small pox, measles were there which caused death or permanent disabilities in children. But thanks to vaccination, now our Country is safe from many diseases through vaccination to infants. Child mortality rate is considerably reduced. Polio, typhoid, hepatitis A and B are the most common diseases in children that will produce harmful effects.

The disease of Yellow fever is epidemic in almost 33 nations in the continent and 11 nations in South America. The are two different types or cycles of the yellow fever, they are the Sylvatic or the forest cycle and the urban cycle. The transmission of the disease begins when the vector mosquitoes, feed on the non human primates which are infected with the virus of the yellow fever. These mosquitoes pass on the disease to the humans, when they feed on the human blood. When the viraemic human returns to the urban areas, the local or the domestic vector mosquitoes spread the disease when they feed on the blood of the viraemic human. A big and severe epidemic arises when the population of the vector mosquitoes increases at a fast rate.

Vaccines are useful to increase our immunization capacity. They protect us from the horrifying diseases. Vaccines are very important for overall health of whole population. Hence the information about the vaccines should be given to everybody.

Vaccines are of two types viral and bacterial. These are called first generation vaccines.

Developmental diseases or disabilities are the problems which occur while a child is developing his organs. They include physica, cognitive, psychological, sensory and speech impairments that are usually identified between birth and up to age 18 years. 17% of all children have a developmental disability, and 2% have a serious development disability such as mental retardation, cerebral palsy or autism. In most cases the cause is not known to us.

The issues of mandatory vaccines are increasing now. Some of the Americans complained about the adverse effects of vaccines. Mandatory vaccines are threats to people all over the world. Vaccines require more money. Parents are enquired by the school officials that the child is vaccinated before he/she enters the school. In many schools the parents or even students can provide a written document that they are against vaccinations on some religious grounds. Such schools can escape from being liable.

The basic ways of avoiding the disease of cholera are improving the quality of the water supply, good sanitation facility, providing the safety in food, community awareness etc. these are the means of preventing cholera in the long run. The World health organization (WHO) and its partners are in search of new means of preventing this disease. Oral cholera vaccines which have a demonstrated a safety and have proved their effectiveness have recently been made available. Some nations have already immunized populations facing the risk of an outbreak of cholera. The following article emphasizes on Oral Cholera vaccines.

Measles is a highly contagious infectious diseases transmitted by airborne droplets and spread from person to person. People usually don't take measles as a very serious disease, but it can be very fatal. Ten days after getting infected, the person develops the adverse effects like high fever, rashes, runny nose, watery eyes and cough lasting for less then two weeks. One out of ten children with measles is infected by ear infections. Also one out of twenty children with measles suffers from pneumonia. And one child every thousand with measles gets encephalitis (which leaves the child deaf or mentally retarded.) One or Two out of thousand suffering from measles dies from it. Measles also cause pregnant women to have a miscarriage or premature birth.

Vaccines are disease preventing medicines. It has resulted in eradication of some diseases like small pox. A person who receives vaccine is called vaccine recipient. The question arises who should have vaccines? The answer is everybody who is at the risk of virus infection should get vaccines. Most people relate vaccines with the children. Yes, mostly we are aware that new born babies are given vaccination for different diseases like TB, Polio, MMR, Diphtheria. But the vaccination is necessary for some adolescents and as well as for adult persons. Even pets like dogs and cats are also given some vaccination for diseases like rabies.